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Spinel
IMA-Approved Mineral Species
Properties and Data
Physical Properties
Composition
MgAl
2
O
4
Chemical Name
Magnesium Aluminium Oxide
Molecular Weight
142.264 g/mol
Density
3.6 - 4.1 g/cm
3
Mohs Hardness
7.5 - 8
Melting Point
2130 °C (3866 °F)
Member of
Spinel Subgroup
Crystal System
Isometric
Optical Properties
Type
Isotropic
Refractive Index
n = 1.712 - 1.736
Dispersion Factor
0.026
Additional Information
Material articles have temporarily been disabled for renewal and polishing.
Variants and Types
Typical Spinel
Typical Spinel
Color: Red, Pink
Fluorescence: Red
Cause: Chromium Ions
Cobalt Spinel
Cobalt Spinel
Color: Blue, Cyan
Fluorescence: Red (UVA), Cyan (UVC)
Cause: Cobalt Ions
Used for Q-Switchers, Laser Rods
Production and Synthesis
Czochralski Method
Czochralski Method
Involves pulling a crystal (boule) upward from a molten solution. Produces some of the purest crystals but requires a cleanroom environment.
Verneuil Method
Verneuil Method
Involves sputtering molten material onto a boule similarly to plasma coating. Produces gem-grade quickly and cheaply, but often with defects.
Flux Method
Flux Method
Involves suspending a seed crystal near or inside flux with ingredients. Allows lower-temperature production. Sometimes produces gem-grade crystals.
References
REFERENCES
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