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Rutile

IMA-Approved Mineral Species


Properties and Data
Physical Properties
Composition
TiO2
Chemical Name
Titanium Oxide
Molecular Weight
79.865 g/mol
Density
4.23 g/cm3
Mohs Hardness
6 - 6.5
Melting Point
1850 °C (3362 °F)
Member of
Rutile Group
Crystal System
Tetragonal
Optical Properties
Type
Uniaxial (+)
Refractive Index
nω = 2.605 - 2.613
nε = 2.899 - 2.901
Dispersion Factor
0.28 - 0.33
Birefringence
δ = 0.294 - 0.296

Additional Properties
Inherent
Piezoelectric
Additional Information
Otherwise known by Titania

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Variants and Types
Intrinsic
Intrinsic
Color: Colorless, Amber, Blue
Production and Synthesis
Verneuil Method
Verneuil Method
Involves sputtering molten material onto a boule similarly to plasma coating. Produces gem-grade quickly and cheaply, but often with defects.
Sintering and Annealing
Sintering and Annealing
An umbrella of methods involving heat treatment or controlled heating / burning to form solids and crystals. Often used for making polycrystalline media or annealing monocrystalline media.
References
REFERENCES





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