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Beryl
IMA-Approved Mineral Species
Properties and Data
Physical Properties
Composition
Be
3
Al
2
(Si
6
O
18
)
Chemical Name
Beryllium Aluminium Cyclosilicate
Molecular Weight
537.492 g/mol
Density
2.63 - 2.92 g/cm
3
Mohs Hardness
7.5 - 8
Member of
Beryl Group
Crystal System
Hexagonal
Optical Properties
Type
Uniaxial (-)
Refractive Index
n
ω
= 1.568 - 1.602
n
ε
= 1.564 - 1.595
Dispersion Factor
0.014
Birefringence
δ = 0.004 - 0.007
Additional Information
Otherwise known by Goshenite, Emerald, Morganite, Red Beryl, Aquamarine, Heliodor, Maxixe, Davidsonite, Rosterite, or Vorobyevite
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Variants and Types
Emerald
Emerald
Color: Green, Cyan, Lime
Fluorescence: Red
Cause: Chromium, Vanadium, Copper and Iron Ions
Morganite, Red Beryl
Morganite, Red Beryl
Color: Pink, Magenta, Red
Cause: Manganese Ions
Aquamarine, Heliodor
Aquamarine, Heliodor
Color: Blue, Cyan, Yellow, Orange
Cause: Iron Ions
(Needs Research)
(Needs Research)
Color: Blue, Cyan, Green
Cause: Cobalt, Copper, and other Ions.
Effect: Pleochroism
Red Beryl
Red Beryl
Color: Red, Orange
Cause: Cobalt and Manganese Ions
Production and Synthesis
Hydrothermal Method
Hydrothermal Method
Involves suspending a seed crystal into a high pressure / high temperature autoclave with liquid ingredients. Sometimes produces optics-grade ingots.
Flux Method
Flux Method
Involves suspending a seed crystal near or inside flux with ingredients. Allows lower-temperature production. Sometimes produces gem-grade crystals.
References
REFERENCES
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